First, you'll want to check the obvious - that you've actually enabled payment methods at /admin/store/settings/payment/edit/methods
Next, make sure you have the recurring fees (hosted) module (a part of Ubercart) enabled. Next, you'll want to browse to /admin/store/settings/products/edit/features
On this page, select "Recurring Fee Settings". Make sure you have checked a valid payment method. For example:
- Paypal website payments standard (paypal_wps)
- Credit card (authorizenet)
If you're using Ubercart's recurring payment module with Authorize.net ARB or CIM, you'll want to uncheck "Enable triggered renewals".
Finally, save your configurations. You should now be able to browse to the checkout page, as an anonymous (logged out) user, and see your payment options (without the "Checkout cannot be completed without any payment methods enabled. Please contact an administrator to resolve the issue." error).